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The Vijayanagara Empire, one of the most significant states in Indian history, ruled southern India from the 14th to the 16th centuries. The empire’s local administration played a crucial role in its success, characterized by a complex hierarchy of officials and a focus on decentralized governance. At the heart of the Vijayanagara administration was the …

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Sculpture is an art form that involves the creation of three-dimensional forms by carving, modeling, or casting materials such as stone, metal, clay, or wood. Sculpture has a long history that dates back to ancient times when it was used for religious, political, and commemorative purposes. It is an expressive art form that can convey …

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The Bhakti Movement was a religious uprising that originated in medieval India and promoted devotion or bhakti to a personal god. It arose in response to the rigid caste system and the dominance of Brahmanism in Hinduism, which excluded many people from participating in religious practices and rituals. The movement was characterized by the singing …

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Property rights of women refer to the legal and social rights that women possess to own, inherit, and manage property. Throughout history, women have been denied these rights in many societies, leading to economic dependence on men and limited opportunities for social and economic advancement. However, in recent times, there has been a global push …

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The Chalukya dynasty was a powerful South Indian dynasty that ruled between the 6th and 12th centuries AD. Pulakeshin I founded the dynasty, and it reached its zenith under Pulakeshin II. The Chalukyas of Badami were patrons of art, architecture, and literature. The Badami cave temples, the Aihole temple complex, and the Pattadakal temple complex …

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The Pallava dynasty ruled over parts of present-day Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh between the 3rd and 9th centuries AD. They were great patrons of art, and their contribution to temple architecture is remarkable. Pallava temples are known for their exquisite carvings, intricate sculptures, and elaborate gopurams. These temples are mainly dedicated to Lord Shiva …

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The Rajputs were a dominant group of warrior clans in northern India, who emerged between the 7th and 12th centuries. The reasons for the rise of the Rajputs can be attributed to various factors, including political, social, economic, and military changes that occurred during that period. One theory that attempts to explain the origins of …

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The post-Gupta period in India, which followed the collapse of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century AD, was marked by a decline in agricultural productivity, political fragmentation, and the emergence of feudalism. These factors had a significant impact on the Indian economy, which faced numerous challenges during this period. One of the major challenges …

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The Chola dynasty, which ruled southern India from the 9th to the 13th centuries, was renowned for its highly organized and sophisticated administrative system. The Chola administration was structured into multiple levels, each with its own set of officials and responsibilities. The highest authority in the Chola empire was the king, who oversaw the entire …

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The Gupta dynasty is widely regarded as one of the most prosperous and influential periods in ancient Indian history. This dynasty ruled from the 4th to the 6th century CE and was characterized by its remarkable achievements in various fields such as art, literature, science, and philosophy. Under the Gupta rulers, India experienced an unprecedented …

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